ROSH Geriatrics Practice Test

The situation described involves a 62-year-old woman experiencing spinning sensations, which are characteristic of vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of vertigo that occurs when tiny calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and move into the semicircular canals. This displacement leads to confusion in the balance system, causing intense sensations of spinning, particularly with certain head movements.

The symptoms of BPPV typically include brief episodes of vertigo that are triggered by changes in the position of the head, making it distinct from other conditions. In contrast, labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the inner ear that can cause hearing loss and prolonged episodes of dizziness. Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo that can last longer and usually include hearing loss and tinnitus. Orthostatic hypotension is not primarily associated with spinning sensations; rather, it involves lightheadedness or faintness related to standing up quickly due to drops in blood pressure.

Given the specific symptoms of brief spinning sensations linked with head movements, BPPV is the most likely diagnosis in this case.