What are the key components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment?

A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process specifically designed to assess the medical, functional, psychological, and social capabilities and limitations of older adults. This thorough evaluation aims to develop a coordinated and integrated plan for treatment and long-term follow-up.

The correct answer encompasses all critical aspects that contribute to a holistic view of an elderly patient's health and well-being. Physical health assessment ensures that underlying medical conditions are identified and managed appropriately. Evaluating functional ability is vital for understanding the individual's capacity to perform activities of daily living, which directly impacts their independence and quality of life. Mental health assessment is equally crucial, as cognitive impairments and emotional issues can significantly affect an elderly person's overall functioning and social interactions. Social circumstances are taken into account to understand the individual's living situation, support systems, and environmental factors that might affect their health. Lastly, a medication review is essential to prevent polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions, ensuring that all medications are necessary, appropriate, and effectively managed.

By combining all these components, the comprehensive geriatric assessment serves to provide a complete picture of an older individual's health, enabling tailored interventions that enhance their overall quality of life.